Define the decision.
Clarify the real question, intended audience, relevant geography, time horizon, and what evidence would change the decision.
The purpose of method is not to make a report look sophisticated. It is to make the answer more credible.
Clarify the real question, intended audience, relevant geography, time horizon, and what evidence would change the decision.
Clean and reconcile internal records; identify relevant research, public datasets, stakeholder evidence, and comparison cases.
Quantitative, qualitative, spatial, comparative, survey, or mixed methods are selected because they improve the answer—not because they sound advanced.
Separate findings from interpretation, make uncertainty visible, document limitations, and connect the result to the decision.
Administrative-data cleaning, survey analysis, public-data integration, spatial analysis, statistical modeling, interviews, evidence review, and reproducible coding workflows are capabilities—not marketing categories.
Definitions, sources, assumptions, transformations, uncertainty, and limitations are documented. No proprietary black box.
We do not force a complex design onto a question that needs a straightforward answer—or make a strong claim from evidence that cannot support it.